Shoulder arthritis can make even simple movements like lifting your arm or reaching behind your back painful and difficult. As one of the less commonly discussed forms of arthritis, it’s important to understand how it develops, the symptoms to watch for, and the treatment options available.
What Is Shoulder Arthritis?
Shoulder arthritis refers to the degeneration or inflammation of the shoulder joint, usually due to the wear and tear of cartilage. The shoulder has two main joints:
- Glenohumeral joint (ball-and-socket)
- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint (where the collarbone meets the shoulder blade)
When cartilage in either joint wears away, bones rub against each other, causing pain and reduced mobility.
Types of Shoulder Arthritis
- Osteoarthritis (Wear and Tear Arthritis):
Most common in older adults; caused by aging and repeated shoulder use. - Rheumatoid Arthritis:
An autoimmune disease that attacks the joint lining, affecting both shoulders symmetrically. - Post-Traumatic Arthritis:
Develops after a shoulder injury, like a fracture or dislocation. - Avascular Necrosis:
Occurs when blood flow to the bone is disrupted, leading to joint damage. - Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy:
Results from long-term rotator cuff injury, causing instability and arthritis in the joint.
Common Symptoms
- Deep, aching shoulder pain
- Stiffness and decreased range of motion
- Grinding or clicking sounds with movement
- Swelling around the joint
- Pain that worsens at night or after activity
Symptoms tend to worsen gradually, and flare-ups may occur during cold weather or overuse.
How Is It Diagnosed?
A shoulder specialist or orthopedic doctor will:
- Perform a physical exam to assess pain, strength, and flexibility
- Order X-rays to view joint space and bone spurs
- In some cases, use MRI or CT scans to evaluate soft tissue damage or confirm diagnosis
Treatment Options
Treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition and individual health. Both non-surgical and surgical options are available.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Medications
- NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) to reduce pain and inflammation
- Corticosteroid injections for short-term relief
- Physical Therapy
- Gentle stretches and strengthening exercises
- Focus on improving range of motion and shoulder function
- Activity Modifications
- Avoid overhead or repetitive motions
- Use supportive pillows during sleep
- Heat and Cold Therapy
- Ice packs reduce swelling
- Warm compresses relax stiff muscles
Surgical Treatments (For Advanced Cases)
- Arthroscopy:
Minimally invasive surgery to remove bone spurs or inflamed tissue. - Shoulder Replacement (Arthroplasty):
- Total Shoulder Replacement: Ball and socket are replaced with prosthetics
- Reverse Shoulder Replacement: Used when rotator cuff damage is severe
Surgery is usually recommended when pain becomes unmanageable and daily activities are heavily impacted.
Self-Care and Prevention
- Maintain good posture to avoid shoulder stress
- Practice shoulder mobility and flexibility exercises
- Avoid carrying heavy bags on one shoulder
- Stay active but avoid overuse
- Address shoulder injuries early to prevent long-term damage
Conclusion
Shoulder arthritis may not be preventable in every case, especially with age or past injuries, but understanding the condition empowers you to manage it better. Early intervention, consistent therapy, and lifestyle changes can significantly improve comfort and mobility.
If you suspect shoulder arthritis, don’t delay consulting a healthcare professional — timely treatment can make all the difference.
Disclaimer: This blog is intended for informational purposes only. For diagnosis and treatment of shoulder arthritis, consult a licensed medical professional or orthopedic specialist.
