Early Identification and Correction Can Change a Child’s Life
Clubfoot, medically known as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), is a common congenital condition where a baby’s foot is twisted out of shape or position. It affects approximately 1 in every 1,000 births, and though it may look alarming, early diagnosis and treatment lead to excellent outcomes.
What Is Clubfoot?
In clubfoot, one or both feet appear rotated internally at the ankle. The foot may point downward and inward, and the arch is more pronounced while the heel is turned in.
There are two main types:
- Idiopathic clubfoot – Most common and occurs in otherwise healthy babies.
- Syndromic clubfoot – Associated with neurological or muscular conditions like spina bifida.
Causes of Clubfoot
While the exact cause is unknown, factors may include:
- Genetic predisposition (family history)
- Position in the womb
- Neuromuscular conditions
- Environmental factors affecting fetal development
It is not caused by poor prenatal care and is not preventable.
How Is Clubfoot Diagnosed?
1. Prenatal Ultrasound
Clubfoot can sometimes be detected during a routine ultrasound as early as 18–24 weeks of pregnancy.
2. Physical Examination After Birth
Most diagnoses are confirmed immediately after birth. The pediatrician evaluates the shape, flexibility, and positioning of the feet.
Treatment Options
Early treatment—preferably starting within weeks of birth—is key.
Ponseti Method (Gold Standard)
The most widely used and successful treatment involves:
- Gentle manipulation and casting: The foot is gradually moved into the correct position over 5–8 weeks, with a new cast applied each week.
- Tenotomy: A minor procedure to release a tight Achilles tendon.
- Bracing: After correction, a special brace (boots and bar) is worn full-time for 3 months, then at night for several years to prevent relapse.
French Functional Method
Daily physical therapy and taping, mostly practiced in Europe. Less common but also effective in mild cases.
Surgery
Reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative treatment. Involves releasing tight tendons and ligaments. Surgery carries a higher risk of stiffness and long-term complications.
Prognosis and Long-Term Outcomes
With proper treatment:
- Most children walk, run, and play normally.
- There’s no long-term disability in the majority of cases.
- A small percentage may have mild differences in foot size or calf muscle strength.
Compliance with bracing after casting is crucial to prevent recurrence.
Parental Tips
- Follow treatment schedules strictly.
- Keep cast areas clean and dry.
- Attend all follow-up appointments.
- Ask questions and understand each step of the process.
Conclusion
Clubfoot is a correctable condition when addressed early and managed with proper care. With modern treatment techniques like the Ponseti method, children born with clubfoot can lead active, healthy, and unrestricted lives.
Disclaimer: This blog is intended for educational purposes only. Please consult a pediatric orthopedic specialist for specific diagnosis and treatment plans tailored to your child.
