Understanding a Common Pediatric Orthopedic Condition
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly in infants and young children. In DDH, the ball (femoral head) may be loose in the socket (acetabulum), or in more severe cases, the hip can be completely dislocated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure normal hip development and avoid long-term complications.
What is DDH?
In a healthy hip, the ball-and-socket joint fits together snugly and allows smooth movement. In DDH:
- The hip socket may be shallow, making it hard to hold the ball in place.
- The femoral head may move in and out of the socket.
- The joint may be partially or fully dislocated.
Who Is at Risk?
Several factors can increase the risk of DDH:
- Family history of hip problems
- Breech birth (baby delivered buttocks-first)
- First-born children
- Female infants (more likely than males)
- Tight swaddling that restricts hip movement
Signs and Symptoms
In infants, symptoms may not always be obvious. However, some signs include:
- Uneven leg lengths
- Limited movement or flexibility in one leg
- Asymmetrical thigh or buttock folds
- Audible clicking or popping in the hip
- Limping or toe-walking in toddlers
Diagnosis
Early detection is key. Doctors may use:
- Physical examination (e.g., Barlow and Ortolani tests)
- Ultrasound (for babies under 6 months)
- X-rays (for older infants)
Routine screening is often done at birth and follow-up checkups.
Treatment Options
For infants (0–6 months):
- Pavlik Harness: Keeps the hip in place while allowing movement.
For infants older than 6 months:
- Closed Reduction & Casting: Repositions the hip under anesthesia.
For severe or unresponsive cases:
- Open Surgery: May be needed to place the hip correctly.
- Post-surgical casting to maintain hip alignment.
Follow-Up and Prognosis
- Regular monitoring with imaging and checkups is vital to ensure the hip is developing normally.
- Most children treated early go on to lead normal, active lives.
- Untreated DDH can lead to chronic pain, limping, and early hip arthritis.
Conclusion
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip is a treatable condition—especially when caught early. Timely intervention ensures healthy hip development and prevents lifelong issues. Parents should follow up on screenings, stay alert to symptoms, and never hesitate to consult a pediatric orthopedic specialist when in doubt.
Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only. If you suspect your child has any signs of hip problems, please consult a pediatric orthopedic doctor.
