Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, is a common condition where the arches of the feet are lower than normal or entirely flattened. While some people experience no symptoms, others may deal with pain, fatigue, or alignment issues that affect their knees, hips, or lower back. Understanding the causes and treatment options can help manage the condition effectively.
What Are Flat Feet?
In a typical foot, the arch provides a natural spring to the step and helps distribute body weight evenly. With flat feet, the entire sole of the foot touches the ground when standing, leading to altered biomechanics and potential discomfort.
There are two types:
- Flexible flat feet – arches appear when not bearing weight but flatten on standing
- Rigid flat feet – arches are absent both when standing and not
What Causes Flat Feet?
1. Genetics
Flat feet often run in families. Some people are born with naturally low or no arches.
2. Injury or Trauma
Damage to the tendons, bones, or ligaments—especially the posterior tibial tendon—can lead to collapsed arches.
3. Obesity
Extra weight puts added pressure on the arches, possibly weakening them over time.
4. Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis and other joint conditions can damage foot structure.
5. Age
Arches can fall due to wear and tear or weakening of the tendons with age.
6. Medical Conditions
Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or neuromuscular disorders may contribute to developing flat feet.
Common Symptoms
- Pain in the heel, arch, or ankle
- Fatigue in the feet and legs
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Difficulty standing on tiptoes
- Discomfort during long walks or physical activity
- Misalignment in the knees or hips
Diagnosis
Your doctor may perform:
- Physical exam to assess foot shape and movement
- Wet foot test to see the footprint arch
- X-rays or MRI to evaluate bone and soft tissue structure
- Gait analysis to understand how you walk and stand
Treatment Options
- Non-Surgical Treatments
1. Orthotic Inserts
Custom or over-the-counter arch supports help provide stability and relieve pain.
2. Supportive Footwear
Shoes with good arch support and cushioning are essential.
3. Physical Therapy
Stretching and strengthening exercises improve muscle function and foot alignment.
4. Pain Management
NSAIDs like ibuprofen can reduce inflammation and discomfort.
5. Weight Loss
Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the arches.
6. Activity Modification
Avoiding high-impact activities like running and switching to swimming or cycling may help.
- Surgical Treatment (When Necessary)
Surgery is considered when:
- Pain is severe and persistent
- Conservative treatments fail
- Structural abnormalities are present
Procedures may include:
- Tendon repair or transfer
- Arch reconstruction
- Joint fusion
🏁 Conclusion
Flat feet aren’t always a cause for concern, but when they start affecting your movement or causing pain, treatment is essential. The good news is that most people experience relief with simple lifestyle changes and supportive care. If symptoms persist, consult a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist for personalized guidance.
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider.
