Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition marked by stiffness and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. It develops gradually, worsens over time, and can take months to years to fully resolve. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage the condition effectively.
What Is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint (called the joint capsule) becomes inflamed and thickened, restricting motion. Over time, this leads to a significant loss of flexibility and function.
Stages of Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder typically progresses in three stages:
1. Freezing Stage
- Gradual onset of shoulder pain.
- Range of motion becomes increasingly limited.
- Lasts 6 weeks to 9 months.
2. Frozen Stage
- Pain may reduce, but stiffness increases.
- Daily tasks become difficult.
- Lasts 4 to 6 months.
3. Thawing Stage
- Gradual return of movement.
- Pain continues to decrease.
- Can last 6 months to 2 years.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause is unknown, several factors may contribute:
- Injury or surgery (immobilization leads to stiffness)
- Diabetes (most common medical risk factor)
- Thyroid disorders
- Stroke or Parkinson’s disease
- Age and gender (most common between 40–60 years; more in women)
Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder
- Dull or aching pain in the shoulder.
- Pain worsens at night.
- Limited range of motion (especially raising arm or reaching behind back).
- Shoulder stiffness that worsens over time.
How to Treat Frozen Shoulder
1. Physical Therapy
- Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises are key.
- Goal: Improve range of motion and reduce stiffness.
- Should be done consistently over months.
2. Medications
- NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or naproxen) help reduce pain and inflammation.
- In some cases, doctors may recommend oral corticosteroids.
3. Heat and Ice Therapy
- Heat helps loosen tight tissues before exercises.
- Ice reduces swelling and pain afterward.
4. Corticosteroid Injections
- Injected directly into the joint capsule to reduce inflammation.
- Especially effective in the early stages.
5. Hydrodilatation
- A procedure where sterile fluid is injected into the joint to stretch the capsule.
- Often done under imaging guidance.
6. Shoulder Manipulation
- The shoulder is gently moved while under anesthesia to loosen tight tissues.
- Usually considered when other treatments don’t work.
7. Surgery (Arthroscopic Capsular Release)
- Minimally invasive procedure to cut tight parts of the joint capsule.
- Rarely needed but useful in stubborn cases.
Prevention Tips
- Don’t avoid moving your shoulder after an injury or surgery.
- Perform prescribed exercises if you’re at risk (especially diabetics).
- Maintain good posture and shoulder flexibility.
Conclusion
Frozen shoulder is a challenging condition that requires patience and consistent care. With the right combination of physical therapy, medications, and medical interventions, most people recover completely. If shoulder pain or stiffness persists, consult an orthopedic specialist early for timely treatment.
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for personalized treatment.
